An analysis method for atomistic abrasion simulations featuring rough surfaces and multiple abrasive particles

We present a molecular dynamics (MD) model system to quantitatively study nanoscopic wear of rough surfaces under two-body and three-body contact conditions with multiple abrasive particles. We describe how to generate a surface with a pseudo-random Gaussian topography which is periodically replicable, and we discuss the constraints on the abrasive particles that lead to certain wear conditions. We propose a post-processing scheme which, based on advection velocity, dynamically identifies the atoms in the simulation as either part of a wear particle, the substrate, or the sheared zone in-between. This scheme is then justified from a crystallographic order point of view. We apply a distance-based contact zone identification scheme and outline a clustering algorithm which can associate each contact atom with the abrasive particle causing the respective contact zone. Finally, we show how the knowledge of each atom’s zone affiliation and a time-resolved evaluation of the substrate topography leads to a break-down of the asperity volume reduction into its components: the pit fill-up volume, the individual wear particles, the shear zone, and the sub-surface substrate compression. As an example, we analyze the time and pressure dependence of the wear volume contributions for two-body and three-body wear processes of a rough iron surface with rigid spherical and cubic abrasive particles.     

基于状态聚类的多站点CSPS系统的协同控制方法

单站点传送带给料加工站（Conveyor-serviced production station,CSPS）系统中,可运用强化学习对状态——行动空间进行有效探索,以搜索近似最优的前视距离控制策略.但是多站点CSPS系统的协同控制问题中,系统状态空间的大小会随着站点个数的增加和缓存库容量的增加而成指数形式（或几何级数）增长,从而导致维数灾,影响学习算法的收敛速度和优化效果.为此,本文在站点局域信息交互机制的基础上引入状态聚类的方法,以减小每个站点学习空间的大小和复杂性.首先,将多个站点看作相对独立的学习主体,且各自仅考虑邻近下游站点的缓存库的状态并纳入其性能值学习过程;其次,将原状态空间划分成多个不相交的子集,每个子集用一个抽象状态表示,然后,建立基于状态聚类的多站点反馈式Q学习算法.通过该方法,可在抽象状态空间上对各站点的前视距离策略进行优化学习,以寻求整个系统的生产率最大.仿真实验结果说明,与一般的多站点反馈式Q学习方法相比,基于状态聚类的多站点反馈式Q学习方法不仅具有收敛速度快的优点,而且还在一定程度上提高了系统生产率.     

Ensemble of multiple instance classifiers for image re-ranking

Text-based image retrieval may perform poorly due to the irrelevant and/or incomplete text surrounding the images in the web pages. In such situations, visual content of the images can be leveraged to improve the image ranking performance. In this paper, we look into this problem of image re-ranking and propose a system that automatically constructs multiple candidate “multi-instance bags (MI-bags)”, which are likely to contain relevant images. These automatically constructed bags are then utilized by ensembles of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) classifiers and the images are re-ranked according to the final classification responses. Our method is unsupervised in the sense that, the only input to the system is the text query itself, without any user feedback or annotation. The experimental results demonstrate that constructing multiple instance bags based on the retrieval order and utilizing ensembles of MIL classifiers greatly enhance the retrieval performance, achieving on par or better results compared to the state-of-the-art.     

Fall detection for multiple pedestrians using depth image processing technique

A fall detection method based on depth image analysis is proposed in this paper. As different from the conventional methods, if the pedestrians are partially overlapped or partially occluded, the proposed method is still able to detect fall events and has the following advantages: (1) single or multiple pedestrian detection; (2) recognition of human and non-human objects; (3) compensation for illumination, which is applicable in scenarios using indoor light sources of different colors; (4) using the central line of a human silhouette to obtain the pedestrian tilt angle; and (5) avoiding misrecognition of a squat or stoop as a fall. According to the experimental results, the precision of the proposed fall detection method is 94.31% and the recall is 85.57%. The proposed method is verified to be robust and specifically suitable for applying in family homes, corridors and other public places.     

CFD modeling of pilot-scale pump-mixer: Single-phase head and power characteristics

The present work involves single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of continuous flow pump-mixer employing top-shrouded Rushton turbines with trapezoidal blades. Baffle—impeller interaction has been modeled using sliding mesh and multiple reference frame approaches. Standard k-ε model has been used for turbulence modeling. Several CFD runs representing different combinations of geometric and process parameters have been carried out. Results of CFD simulations have been used to find out two macroscopic performance parameters of pump-mixer—power consumption and head generated by the impeller. The simulation results have been compared with the experimental data obtained on a pilot-scale setup. Good agreement between CFD predictions and experimental results is observed. In most cases, sliding mesh approach is found to perform better than multiple reference frame approach. Details from CFD simulations have been used to have an insight into the pumping action of the impeller.     

Experimental design approach to calcium carbonate precipitation in a semicontinuous process

The production of precipitated calcium carbonate, PCC, by a semicontinuous process of slaked lime carbonation was performed in a bench-scale chemical reactor, fully controlled by means of custom built electronics and software for the personal computer. Calcite crystals, with different characteristic morphologies (rhombohedral, truncated prismatic, scalenohedral, spheroidal or chain-like agglomerates) were produced by varying a range of process parameters, like temperature, supersaturation, gas mixture flow rate, stirring rate and mass concentration of Ca(OH)₂ suspension. In order to identify the effects of the chosen process parameters on the PCC morphology and on the related specific surface area, as well as on the extent of CO₂ conversion, an empirical approach based on the experimental design techniques was employed. A multiple correlation analysis of the obtained data suggests that temperature and conductivity significantly influence the PCC morphology, while CO₂ conversion is principally influenced by stirring rate, conductivity and gas mixture flow rate.     

高速高机动目标自适应IMM跟踪算法

针对目标运动过程中有转弯机动等复杂运动模式的高速高机动目标,设计了自适应两层IMM跟踪算法。该算法内层由改进的机动目标当前统计模型构成,把目标速度方向角作为伪测量值进行滤波,实时获得目标的角速度和角加速度;外层模型由常速模型和曲线模型构成,把内层模型得到的切向加速度和转弯角速度作为曲线模型参数,利用IMM算法进行滤波。仿真结果表明,该算法对高速高机动目标具有较高的跟踪精度,算法实现简单,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

FAST LINEAR ESTIMATION METHODS FOR VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING-AVERAGE MODELS

Abstract. Three linear methods for estimating parameter values of vector auto-regressive moving-average (VARMA) models which are in general at least an order of magnitude faster than maximum likelihood estimation are developed in this paper. Simulation results for different model structures with varying numbers of component series and observations suggest that the accuracy of these procedures is in most cases comparable with maximum likelihood estimation. Procedures for estimating parameter standard error are also discussed and used for identification of nonzero elements in the VARMA polynomial structures. These methods can also be used to establish the order of the VARMA structure. We note, however, that the primary purpose of these estimates is to generate initial estimates for the nonzero parameters in order to reduce subsequent computational time of more efficient estimation procedures such as exact maximum likelihood.     

Melting and reorganization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on fast heating (1000 K/s)

For poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and other polymers the origin of the multiple melting peaks observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves is still controversially discussed. This is due to the difficulty to investigate the melting of the originally formed crystals exclusively. Recrystallization is a fast process and most experimental techniques applied so far do not allow fast heating in order to prevent recrystallization totally. Developments in thin-film (chip) calorimetry allow scanning rates as high as several thousand Kelvin per second. We utilized a chip calorimeter based on a commercially available vacuum gauge, which is operated under non-adiabatic conditions. The calorimeter was used to study the melting of isothermally crystallized PET. Our results on melting at rates as high as 2700 K/s give clear evidence for the validity of a melting-recrystallization-remelting process for PET at low scanning rates (DSC). At isothermal conditions PET forms crystals, which all melt within a few dozens of K slightly above the isothermal crystallization temperature. There is no evidence for the formation of different populations of crystals with significantly different stability (melting temperatures) under isothermal conditions. Superheating of the crystals is of the order of 10 K at 2700 K/s.     

白细胞介素-10基因多拷贝表达盒的构建及在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的构建白细胞介素-10(IL-10)基因多拷贝表达盒,提高IL-10在毕赤酵母中的表达水平。方法体外构建重组表达载体αIL-10/pAO815,BamHⅠ和BglⅡ双酶切获得目的基因表达盒(AOX-αIL-10),再连接到BglⅡ酶切位点处,依次构建多拷贝重组载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815。从质粒pPIC9K上用NdeⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切获得Kan抗性基因,重组到多拷贝表达载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815上。重组载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815电转化毕赤酵母,PCR筛选含有IL-10基因的酵母转化子,甲醇诱导表达,对表达量高的转化子再次经重组载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815-Kan电转化,高浓度G418抗性筛选二次酵母转化子,使用甲醇诱导表达。ELISA测定IL-10含量,MC/9细胞测定IL-10活性。结果所构建的8拷贝表达盒的重组载体8(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815和4拷贝表达盒4(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815-Kan,转化子分泌表达IL-10水平最高,为(8.25±1.65)mg/L,比活性为1.465×105U/mg。结论已成功构建了高拷贝表达盒,并提高了IL-10在毕赤酵母中的表达水平。